The steering system in a vehicle works through a series of parts that collaborate to convert the rotational motion of the steering wheel into the straight-line motion of the car’s wheels. This process involves these parts:
- The steering wheel
- The steering column
- A steering gear (rack and pinion or recirculating ball system)
- Tie rods
- The car’s wheels.
How the Steering System Works
When the driver turns the steering wheel, this movement travels down the steering column and into the steering gear. Here the rotational motion is transferred into linear motion. In a rack and pinion system, this happens through a pinion gear attached to the steering shaft that moves a flat rack gear converting the rotation of the steering wheel into the sideways movement of the rack.
In recirculating ball systems, this transfer is achieved through recirculating balls that reduce friction as an attached worm gear moves a block with threaded holes. This block is connected to the steering arms, transferring the motion to them.
The linear motion gathered by the steering gear is sent through the tie rods, which connect the steering gear to the steering arm. These rods transfer the motion from the steering gear to the wheels, turning the wheels either left or right. When the movement of the steering wheel ceases, a return device helps the vehicle’s wheels to return to their straight-ahead position.
This entire system works together to ensure that the car moves smoothly and in the intended direction. The steering system also includes a Power Steering system component that reduces the effort required to move the wheels, especially when the vehicle is moving slowly or stopped.
Symptoms of a Bad Steering System
If your steering is bad, it usually manifests in a few key signs which you may be experiencing while driving your vehicle.
- Looseness or lag: One of the most common signs is a noticeable looseness in the steering. If you find yourself having to turn the steering wheel more than usual before the vehicle starts to move in the desired direction, this could indicate a problem. Steering should reasonably align with the movement of your car and any “lag” might suggest there is a steering issue.
- Reduced turn radius: Reduced efficiency around corners is another clear warning sign. If turning corners feels particularly loose or uncertain compared to normal, this may mean you’re dealing with worn or damaged steering components, adversely affecting your car’s handling and your driving safety.
- Unusual noises: Unusual noises when turning the steering wheel may also mean your steering is bad. If you encounter squeaking, groaning, or grinding sounds while making turns, it’s likely there might be issues in your power steering system. This could be due to wear and tear or a lack in power steering fluid.
- Steering wheel vibration: Lastly, steering wheel vibration is another sign. If you notice your steering wheel shaking, especially when you start your vehicle, it could be a sign of a steering issue. This excessive vibration can be the result of a number of issues related to your steering system, including out-of-balance tires, wheel alignment issues, or worn-out suspension components.
When you experience any of these symptoms, you should seek the assistance of a professional mechanic or auto technician. It’s important to prioritize dealing with any steering issues because they can have serious implications not just on the efficiency of your vehicle but also your personal safety while driving.